圣米凯莱城堡
Castle of San Michele
卡利亚里 · 意大利
圣米凯莱城堡坐落在撒丁岛首府卡利亚里，是一座中世纪城堡。20世纪90年代的发掘揭示出，这里曾有一座可能属于中世纪早期的乡村教堂；城堡后来建在其上，用来守卫卡利亚里的朱迪卡托首府圣伊吉亚。它的诞生时间却仍不确定：那座教堂究竟早于城堡，还是与城堡同时修建，原文并未给出定论。三座塔楼和环绕建筑的护城河，使这处遗址保留着鲜明的军事面貌。“The 1990s excavations have revealed the remains of a rural church”也提醒人们，城堡的故事始于更早的遗迹。
14至16世纪，是城堡最重要的时期。来自瓦伦西亚的贵族卡罗兹家族曾居住于此，使它不仅是防御设施，也成为家族历史的一部分。后来城堡被废弃，并在1652至1656年的“圣埃菲西奥瘟疫”期间改作医院；18世纪，它又为防备法国人的攻击而重新设防。约1940年，意大利海军进驻这里，之后城堡归卡利亚里市所有。经历军事、防疫与再次设防的转折后，它如今经过大规模改造，成为艺术与文化中心。“The castle has undergone a substantial modifications and now is used as a Center of Art and Culture.”
Castle of San Michele stands in Cagliari, the capital of Sardinia, as a medieval structure whose beginnings reach below the visible walls. Excavations in the 1990s revealed the remains of a rural church, probably from the early medieval period. The castle was built upon it in the 12th century to defend Santa Igia, the capital of the Giudicato of Cagliari. Yet its exact chronology remains uncertain: the source does not settle whether the church came first or was built at the same time as the castle. Three towers and a surrounding moat still express its military character. As the original account puts it, “The 1990s excavations have revealed the remains of a rural church”.
The castle’s most important period came between the 14th and 16th centuries, when it was inhabited by the Carroz family, a noble family from Valencia. Its later history brought sharper changes. After abandonment, it became a hospital during the “Plague of Saint Efisio” from 1652 to 1656. In the 18th centuries, it was fortified again to prevent French attacks. Around 1940, the Regia Marina, or Italian Navy, occupied the complex; later, ownership passed to the comune of Cagliari. After substantial modifications, the former military complex became a Center of Art and Culture. Its changing uses are captured in the line, “The most important period of the Castle is undoubtedly that between 14th and the 16th centuries”.
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