切尔鲁利奥要塞
Fortezza del Cerruglio
蒙特卡洛 · 意大利
切尔鲁利奥要塞坐落在蒙特卡洛的山顶，扼守卢卡平原与瓦尔迪涅沃莱之间的战略位置。它的起源可追溯至12世纪；13世纪末形成的核心，是一座用规整石块砌成的半圆形巨大塔楼，入口门楣上还留有卢卡市的徽章。最初的入口高出地面，只能借助可收起的梯子抵达。引句：“Le origini della fortificazione risalgono al XII secolo”
14世纪，这座堡垒卷入卢卡、比萨与佛罗伦萨的领土争夺。卡斯特鲁乔·卡斯特拉卡尼统治时期，两座方塔与城墙加入其中，形成三角形布局；1325年，卡斯特鲁乔的军队从这里出发，参加阿尔托帕肖战役。1331年，波希米亚的约翰及其子卡洛前来援助卢卡人，堡垒因此获得国际声望，旁边还建立了新的防御城镇。后来，梅迪奇统治时期的砖砌堡垒与佛罗伦萨式小拱券改变了它的面貌；18世纪，它又从纯粹的军事设施转为宅邸。昔日用于检阅军队的兵器广场，如今成为种植黄杨、柑橘、古老玫瑰和耧斗菜的意大利式花园。引句：“Nel XVIII secolo: Persa la sua originaria destinazione d'uso strettamente militare, la fortezza fu convertita in residenza e dimora signorile.”
The Fortezza del Cerruglio, also known as the Rocca del Cerruglio, rises above Montecarlo in a strategic position between the plain of Lucca and the Valdinievole. Its origins reach back to the 12th century. The earliest core, dating from the end of the 13th century, was a massive semicircular tower of squared stone, bearing the coat of arms of the Comune di Lucca on its entrance lintel. The original entrance stood above ground level and could be reached only by a retractable staircase. “Il nucleo primitivo, risalente alla fine del XIII secolo, è costituito da un massiccio torrione semicircolare in pietra squadrata”
During the 14th century, the fortress became a major strategic point in the territorial struggles among Lucca, Pisa and Florence. Under Castruccio Castracani, two square towers and connecting walls were added, creating a triangular plan. In 1325, Castruccio’s troops left from the fortress for the battle of Altopascio. In 1331, Giovanni di Boemia and his son Carlo came to the aid of the people of Lucca, giving the stronghold international resonance; beside it, the fortified borough of Mons Karoli was founded. Later alterations reshaped its character: Medici bastions in brick transformed the side facing the town, while in the 18th century the fortress became a residence. The former parade ground is now an Italian garden of boxwood, citrus trees, old roses and acanthus. “Nello spazio ricavato tra i bastioni medicei e l'antico nucleo fortificato, originariamente concepito come piazza d'armi per la rassegna delle truppe, sorge oggi un elegante giardino all'italiana.”
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