宇宙征服者纪念碑
Monument to the Conquerors of Space
莫斯科 · 俄罗斯
1958年3月，Sputnik 1发射几个月后，一场为太空时代黎明设计纪念方尖碑的竞赛在莫斯科展开。在约350份方案中，雕塑家A.P. Faidysh-Krandievsky与建筑师A.N. Kolchin、M.O. Barshch的设计胜出。它把纪念碑塑造成一枚沿尾焰升空的火箭，并以钛覆盖；107米的高度和77°的倾角，让“出发”成为最直观的形象。1964年10月4日，Sputnik 1发射7周年之日，纪念碑正式揭幕。原文引句：“Out of some 350 proposals, the design by sculptor A.P. Faidysh-Krandievsky and architects A.N. Kolchin and M.O. Barshch was chosen.”
它的重要性不只在外形，也在于它把科学家、工程师、工人、程序员、宇航员和太空犬Laika共同纳入太空事业的公共记忆；碑前的康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基雕像，则指向航天思想的先驱。纪念碑原本就为底部博物馆预留空间，但准备工作直到1981年4月10日才完成，纪念馆随后开放；经历三年翻修后，博物馆于2009年4月12日重新开放。如今，纪念碑与博物馆、宇航员小巷及周边众多太空主题地名相连，成为莫斯科一处持续讲述太空探索的场所。原文引句：“The monument was designed to accommodate a museum in its base.”
In March 1958, a few months after the launch of Sputnik 1, a competition was announced in Moscow for the best design of an obelisk celebrating the dawn of the Space Age. About 350 proposals were submitted, and the design by sculptor A.P. Faidysh-Krandievsky and architects A.N. Kolchin and M.O. Barshch was selected. Its form turns a rising rocket and its exhaust plume into architecture; the monument is 107 meters tall, has a 77° incline, and is covered with titanium. It opened on October 4, 1964, the seventh anniversary of Sputnik 1’s launch. Original quotation: “The grand opening of the monument took place on October 4, 1964, on the day of the 7th anniversary of the Sputnik 1 launch.”
The monument’s meaning also comes from the people represented around its base: scientists, engineers, workers, a computer programmer or telecommunications professional, a cosmonaut, and Laika, the first living creature to orbit Earth. A statue of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky stands in front, recalling a precursor of astronautics. The base was designed to contain a museum, but preparatory work was not completed until April 10, 1981; the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics then opened, and reopened on April 12, 2009, after three years of renovations. Together with Cosmonauts Alley and the surrounding space-themed names and sights, the monument remains a public landmark of the Soviet space program’s memory. Original quotation: “The Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics is located inside the base of the monument.”
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